Ibsen vs. Tolstoy - 1317 Words

Christina Block Readings in the Humanities Professor Tovey Van Aulen March 23, 2010 Societal Influences in 19th Century Europe During the Victorian Era, living in the middle class, many people were strongly influenced by society, especially in Europe. People felt that they needed to look perfect in the public eye and everything they did had to be something that society would approve of, otherwise it was out of the question. Henrik Ibsen uses the main characters of Nora and Torvald, in his play, â€Å"A Doll’s House† just as Leo Tolstoy uses the main characters of Ivan and Praskovya, in his novel, The Death of Ivan Ilyich, to convey what it was like to live in a middle-class society in nineteenth century Europe. By showing that society†¦show more content†¦Nora and Torvold had a nanny for the children, and Ivan and Praskovya had a butler and pantry boy who became very important to Ivan in the weeks of his life. Gender played an enormous role in shaping Nora, Torvald, Ivan, and Praskovya’s identities. Society had very clear views of what a man should be and what a woman should be. The men were to be the providers for the family, they had to have a respectable job and take care of all the family’s financial needs. The women were to stay at home and tend to her husbands and children’s needs, whatever they may be. Nora and Torvald were the perfect example of this. Nora stayed home with the children and the nanny and decorated the house and made everything comfortable for everyone while Torvold worked at the bank. When Nora took the loan out from the bank she had to hide it from everyone because that was a very disrespectful thing to do in society’s eyes at that time, which is why when Torvold found out he was infuriated. When Torvold realized that if anyone found out their reputation would be destroyed and everything he worked hard for would be gone because it would have seemed that they have stepped out of their gender roles and gone against society, he said to her, â€Å"Now you have destroyed a ll my happiness. You have ruined all my future.† (Ibsen 77).

Benefits Of Slavery For The North - 899 Words

Benefits Of Slavery For The North Growing up north of the Mason-Dixon line, I learned a version of history in which the northern states were standing on principle. The North stood on the righteous side of the line that said no longer would slavery be tolerated. On the other side of the line was the South, who depended on slavery and would revolt sooner than change their ways. Later in life, I moved south of the Mason-Dixon line to Richmond, Virginia, which was at one time the capital of the Confederacy. Here, I learned an alternate version of history, one of the rights of the states against an oppressive government. What I once knew as the â€Å"War On Slavery† was here called the â€Å"War Against Northern Aggression.† The truth of the matter may lie somewhere between these two viewpoints, but they both miss an important fact. Beyond the propaganda and catchy phrases is the simple fact the northern states had profited greatly from slavery. In some ways directly, such as the trade itself, and in others more indirect, such as the boom of New England ship building. Direct Benefit of the Slave Trade The most direct benefit of slavery to the North was the trading of slaves. Slaves started arriving in New England in the first decade of the 1700s. By the middle of the century, Rhode Island had become the main carrier of slaves, and by the end of the American Revolution controlled 60–90 percent of the slave trade (Harper). The DeWolfe family of Rhode Island was among the mostShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Slavery For The North904 Words   |  4 PagesBenefits Of Slavery For The North Growing up just North of the Mason-Dixon line I learned a version of history that includes the Northern states standing on principle. The North stood on the righteous side of the line that said no longer would slavery be tolerated. On the other side of the line was the South that depended on slavery and would revolt sooner than change their ways. Later in life I moved South of the Mason-Dixon line to Richmond Virginia which was the one time capital of the ConfederacyRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War688 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Civil war was a series of transactions, or exchanges, between the North and the South. These transactions involved over 1 million Americans who put their lives at risk for the liberation of the country’s slaves. These transactions were influenced by three paramount concepts: perspectives, values, and relative evaluations of costs and benefits. In the midst of this tumultuous period of time in American history, these concepts shaped not just the people themselves but the social, politicalRead MoreThe Annexation Of Texas And The United States928 Words   |  4 Pagesshould be done with the new found territory. Whether it was people of the north looking to prevent another slave state from acquiring statehood, or slave owning people of the south trying to gain leverage in the Hou se of Representatives, people had differing opinions on the topic of Texas. The debate over Texas acquiring statehood was representative of the divide between North and South that led to Civil War in the U.S. In the North, many people didn’t want Texas to become a state, therefore were againstRead MoreThe South And North And South961 Words   |  4 Pages1800s, the South and the North were worlds apart from each other in various ways. The North and the South had altered economies, ideas, and attitudes toward slavery. The diverse economies in the North and South led to discrepancies among the regions about taxes on imported goods or tariffs. Furthermore the disagreements over slavery, tariffs, and other economic disputes amplified sectionalism, or the loyalty to one part of the country, in the North and the South. The North and South were ultimatelyRead MoreThe North Was Deeply Entrenched in Slavery Essay525 Words   |  3 PagesThe North and Slavery Slavery was deeply entrenched in the lives of Americans from both the north and the south. Plantation slavery and the Deep South is typically what comes to mind when the benefits of slavery are considered. However, northern states also benefited substantially from slavery even after it was outlawed in most northern states. Northern states specifically benefited from the shipping of slaves in northern ports, the financing of slaves and land for the south and the various supportRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War991 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans and animosity that was built up over several years prior to it can be to blame. Most people think that slavery was the cause of this battle, and although slavery did play a part, it was not the main cause. The biggest roles played in the American Civil War were states’ rights, unfair bills, feelings of inferiority and threats to economy. The tension started during the time that the north attempted to pass a tariff that the south saw as an abomination. The Tariff of 1828 was passed, many SouthRead MoreThe Civil War Was Fought Over African American Freedom1331 Words   |  6 Pagesstraightforward answer, but many people still have different views and beliefs on what caused it. Many people believe that political issues or even taxation was the cause of the civil war. However, it was really over slavery. This essay will go over the civil war and explain why slavery caused the southerners and northerners to fight in the civil war. To what extent was the Civil War fought over African American freedom ? What were political issues that dominated U.S. politics in the 1850’s ? WhatRead MoreSlavery : The End Of The Civil War1543 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Slavery is founded in the selfishness of man s nature -- opposition to it is in his love of justice. These principles are an eternal antagonism; and when brought into collision so fiercely, as slavery extension brings them, shocks, and throes, and convulsions must ceaselessly follow. Repeal the Missouri Compromise -- repeal all compromises -- repeal the declaration of independence -- repeal all past history, you still can not repeal human nature. It still will be the abundance of man s heart,Read MoreNorth and South on Slavery1040 Words   |  4 PagesThe North and South have very different views on slavery. This has lead to lots of tension and fighting. When people were first settling here they had slaves. It has been going on for almost 100 years. Start ing around the Revolutionary war the North became opposed to slavery. They had less use for them as time went on. The South, on the other hand, felt they needed slavery. They had to harvest tobacco and cotton as fast as possible. They knew they couldn’t do it themselves so they bought lots ofRead MoreThe Economic Impact On The Economy Of The United States1246 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the days of 1820 to 1860 in the United States, the living style of Americans became more different from north to south. We can observe on the economic perspective. First, the difference of the industrial sectors led to the different extent of the need of slavery. The manufacturing sector, thanks for the advent of industrialization, did not require as many slaves as the agricultural sector did in the south which was largely supported by a massive number of slaves. Secondly, due to the difference

Explained By Means Tabular Representation â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Explained By Means Tabular Representation? Answer: Introduction By reviewing the whole article, it has been found that no obscure phrase is present and key concepts related to the research problem has been adequaetely defined by the researcher. The research study by Ramjan et al., (2014) clearly mentions the purpose of research, which is to identify strategies that may assist nurse in increasing their competency in drug calculation teaching and assessment method. All types of teaching methods has been clearly explained by means of tabular representation. The usefulness of this research is high because it is a newly published article published in the year 2014, which might give new insights to improve skills and competencies of registered nurse. The reliability of the data is high because it is a recent work that has considered recent approaches and teaching methods to improve the competency of nurse in drug calculation. The key concepts related to factors that might affect the nurses ability to conduct mathematical calculation for drug dose has been discussed. This was dependent on experience, age, practice experience and age of nurses. Hence, the researcher highlighted the research problem, which is the rise in number of preventable medication errors, and need to prepare nurses to tailor drug calculation teaching. Therefore, the main concept behind the research is adequately explained. The motivation for the research is understood from the background information related to the topic that the researcher has discussed in the introduction section. The importance of nurses competency in drug calculation was seen because patients lives depend on those calculation. Any error in medication dose can cost lives of patients too. Research design and data analysis: Mixed method research approach was used to collect data from 327 female and 63 male nursing students of final year. The same size is adequate for giving reliable results. Secondly, the strategy to select only final year nursing students in the study reveals purposive sampling approach was taken to include participants in the study. Use of purposive sampling method is a good step by the researcher because it ensures fulfillment of the goal of research and getting reliable data from those people who experience the issue on a daily basis. It increased the generalizability and reliability of the study too (Etikan, Musa, Alkassim, 2016). Secondly, many teaching interventions were provided to improve the competency of the researcher. Two surveys were done to collect data-first was conducted during the tutorial classes and other was done after hands-on workshop. The use of both Likert scale and qualitative comment in the survey question is commendable because it will remove all possibiliti es of getting ambiguous data. The researcher also followed the ethical consideration that is required before conducting the research which further increased the viability of the research article. The use of SPSS tool and use of excel spreadsheet for manually analyzing theme gives an indication that data analysis is rigorous enough to effectively analyze both qualitative and quantitative data. The illustration of the TGP flow chart of process and intervention also makes all the research method clear. This method is considered reliable to get all answers to the research question. The same cross sectional mixed method survey design was also applied by Fleming, Brady Malone, (2014) to investigate nurses competency in drug calculation. However, in case of randomized controlled study, multiple choice test related drug dose calculation was considered to evaluate competency of the nurse (Simonsen et al., 2014). In the study by Ramjan et al., (2014), the main findings was that association was found between nurses numeracy skills performance and the remedial support sessions. Secondly, the evaluation of nurses perception regarding tailored intervention revealed that nurses found the online practice quiz useful because of its clinical relevance. On the whole, it can be stated that results presented was relevant to the research question and the table based response for statistical and qualitative numeracy skills performance promoted analysis of the data in much lesser time. While comparing the above article with other two article related to the same topic, it has been found that the first article gave more extensive numerical data related to scores of nurse in metric conversion, tablet dosage, fluid dosage, drip rate and total drug test scores (Fleming, Brady Malone, 2014). Although this is advantageous for evaluating the effectiveness of drug test for improving the competency of nurse, however the evaluation of numerous other interventions in Ramjan et al., (2014) has a much wider scope and credibility too. The scope of the study findings by Simonsen et al., (2014) is also narrow as it focused only on classroom learning and e-learning and not other types of teaching intervention. Discussion The discussion section of the study Ramjan et al., (2014) adequately explained how the research has given answer to the research aim. Positive response was given by staff regarding recent teaching intervention for medication calculation. Exposure to simulated scenarios enhanced their competency and confidence on drug calculation. The positive comment regarding hands-on workshop also revealed its effectiveness of visual learning. Therefore, the data obtained from the study was justified by the above explanation. Ramjan et al., (2014) finally concluded the research by giving the recommendation that intensive and contextualized numeracy teaching and assessment is more favoured by nurse now compared to traditional testing methods. More emphasis was given on contextualizing the teaching and learning process. However, the researcher did not pointed out to any areas of future research. Fleming, Brady Malone, (2014) also did not identified any future research area, however it gave the recommendation that national guideline on level and assessment of pharmacological content and drug calculation is necessary to improve medication calculation in nurses. The research by Simonsen et al., (2014) concluded that the result did not gave any outcome of practical significance. Hence, the reliability of the study was low and no future areas of research was also stated despite limitation in the study. The strength of the study is the use of simple language and no complicated jargons. It is easy for any reviewer to effectively understand all the concepts related to the study. Secondly, tabular representation of study finding promotes easy analysis of the research outcome. Ramjan et al., (2014) presented the research data by means of tabular representation. All the tables were systematically arranges with headings and key research variables. However, the flowchart regarding the research process and intervention was little complex and it took time to interpret them. The strength of the study is that the researcher has used include all types of teaching strategies to understand the effectiveness of research. This has helped to validate the importance visually enhanced hands-on intervention in improving numeracy learning in final year nurses. The other two studies and many other studies have not considered the evolving nature of learning methods while conducting the study (Pierce et al., 2008). The key weakness in the research is the Likert scale was used for the survey, however it has too many options which limited the validity of the study (Artino et al., 2011). The main weakness of the research by Ramjan et al., (2014) was too many option in Likert scales and this could have been addressed by taking lesser options or using validated survey tools. The work by Ramjan et al., (2014) is a high quality research article because he has reported about the research process in a very subjective manner. No personal comments has been made and all justification or arguments raised has been backed up by relevant research articles. Hence, no biasness in viewpoint is seen. The quality of Ramjan et al., (2014) is also understood from proper reference given for each citation. Link was provided in each citation and this helped in easily navigating to the research article from which the arguments were raised. The credibility of the author is further understood from their profession designation. For instance, Ramjan is a staff member in the School of Nursing and she is committed to educational research particularly in numeracy. This means she has enough experience in research works related to the teaching strategies in nursing demonstrating the validity of her research work (Doctor Lucie Ramjan 2017). Reference Artino Jr, A. R., Gehlbach, H., Durning, S. J. (2011). AM last page: avoiding five common pitfalls of survey design.Academic Medicine,86(10), 1327. Doctor Lucie Ramjan. (2017). Westernsydney.edu.au. [online] Available at: https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/staff_profiles/uws_profiles/doctor_lucie_ramjan [Accessed 11 Sep. 2017]. Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling.American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics,5(1), 1-4. Fleming, S., Brady, A. M., Malone, A. M. (2014). An evaluation of the drug calculation skills of registered nurses.Nurse education in practice,14(1), 55-61. Pierce, R. U., Steinle, V. A., Stacey, K. C., Widjaja, W. (2008). Understanding decimal numbers: a foundation for correct calculations.International journal of nursing education scholarship,5(1), 1-15. Ramjan, L. M., Stewart, L., Salamonson, Y., Morris, M. M., Armstrong, L., Sanchez, P., Flannery, L. (2014). Identifying strategies to assist final semester nursing students to develop numeracy skills: a mixed methods study.Nurse education today,34(3), 405-412. Simonsen, B. O., Daehlin, G. K., Johansson, I., Farup, P. G. (2014). Improvement of drug dose calculations by classroom teaching or e-learning: a randomised controlled trial in nurses.BMJ open,4(10), e006025.

The Loss of Victorian Morality Essay Example

The Loss of Victorian Morality Essay The Victorian Era and The Loss of Morality The Victorian era marks the period of Queen Victorians reign over England from 1837, until her death in January 1901. It was an age of new prosperity brought about by thriving industrialization, new scientific discoveries and technology, which encouraged the rise of an educated middle class. This new age also brought about a shift from agriculture to manufacturing, causing mass immigration into cities. City life provided Victorians with freedom and anonymity from the social values of smaller rural communities, and resulted in the loss of social and spiritual morality with lenience, poverty and carnality becoming routine occurrences. New cultural ideals and scientific findings, such as evolution, clashed with the religious philosophies of the time. The early Victorian age also had an influence upon literature and poetry and produced many excellent writers, such as Robert Browning, Charles Dickens, and Matthew Arnold. The subject matter of most Victorian works by these authors was usually socially oriented and focused upon the practical problems of daily life and contained moral messages for their readers. Robert Browning focused his poetry on the scandals of everyday Victorian urban fife. He used sex, violence and moral hypocrisy as themes in many of his poems. Browning, like Charles Dickens, filled his literary works with people from all levels of society and he also included characters that were immoral and evil. We will write a custom essay sample on The Loss of Victorian Morality specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Loss of Victorian Morality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Loss of Victorian Morality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to The Literature Network, Robert Borrowing dramatic monologues covered a wide array of subjects, from lucid dreams to the nature of art and even the meaning of existence. His poems Porphyrys Lover and My Last Duchess, are similar in that they both include murderers who coldly describe their evil deeds without any remorse. Porphyrys Lover, begins with a lover describing the arrival of Porphyry, and then it quickly descends into a description of her murder at his hands. He describes how he strangled his lover with her own hair to preserve the moment forever. The poem My Last Duchess also echoes this theme of depravity. The Duke describes his last wife, whose painting is hidden behind a curtain on the wall, and cheerfully mentions that his wife seemed to smile at everyone, so he Gave commands; Then all smiles stopped together (Browning 503). Robert Browning, like Matthew Arnold, included religious figures in his momentary of the loss of social values in society. His poem, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister demonstrates that religious men were not immune to immoral behavior either. In the Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister, the speaker spews out his intense hatred for his colleague, Brother Lawrence. The reader quickly discovers that Brother Lawrence is a sincere and devout Christian; however, the narrator is in fact morally, spiritually and socially bankrupt. Scott and John, suggests that Borrowings botanical references throughout the poem not only demonstrate the narrators petty attitudes ND disturbed mind, but also suggests that homosexuality and buggery were common place. He points out that the word scrofulous in stanza 8, (Browning IPPP) could also refer to the Latin name of a plant commonly used to cure piles, which was poetry shares a common thread with Matthew Arnolds poetry, in that they both use variety and inventiveness to draw attention to a narrators thoughts and concerns. Arnold is more thoughtful about what true spiritual belief should be; yet, Browning tackles the same topics in a more flamboyant manner by illustrating what true Puritanism is not. The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Parades Church, is one of Borrowing most famous poems and demonstrates his view that base, immoral tendencies could be found anywhere in Victorian society. This poem also portrays a man of high religious standing, who lacks the morals and values of Christianity. In the bishops final hours, he is not interested in seeking God or what the afterlife has in store for him, but rather he focuses on the material goods he is leaving behind on earth. He does not look at the afterlife as a chance of being closer to God, or coming whole, but rather sees it as his chance to leave a legacy on earth. In his final moments he is concerned over the type of gems and stone that his tomb will be made of, and is mostly concerned about outdoing Gondolas tomb. Rather than honoring the Christian idea that in dying on earth, one will thereby become alive to God, the Bishop focuses on honoring himself and his life. The bishop clings onto life, so that he can ensure that his tomb will reflect his greatness, and be an earthly monument that shows how much better he is than Gondola. When Browning addresses morality, his themes tend to revolve around the separation of people and morality from the church. Both the Bishop in The Bishop Orders His Tomb and the monk in the Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister are concerned with earthly matters as opposed to the Christian message that one needs to focus on the things in Heaven. Browning uses art as a symbol of the loss of morality. The art mentioned in Borrowing poems sound like beautiful works; however, the beauty is merely an illusion that highlights a narrator who is immoral, at best, or a cold-blooded murderer at worst. The portrait of the Duchess was only painted because of the corruption and evil of the Duke. Just as the Bishops beautiful tomb was only to be constructed in order for the Bishop to praise himself, and his worldly possessions. Matthew Arnolds poems, Stanzas from the Grandee Chartreuse and Dover Beach, show his distrust of the past and the philosophies, theologies and ideals that were popular in their time. Arnold is living in an era of change, and while he determines that faith and religion no longer provide answers or meaning to his life, he has nothing to replace it with. In Stanzas from the Grandee Chartreuse he finds that he is wandering between two worlds (Arnold 85); the world of religion which he has deemed as dead (Arnold 85) and the new scientific knowledge and beliefs that are unable to fill the void left by the loss of faith, and are too powerless to be born. (Arnold 86) Arnold laments that if the time for faith and spiritual fulfillment has passed, then why cant science take away, At least, the restlessness, (and) the pain (Arnold 103). He is cynical about his own time period and questions the ability of society to make spiritual or moral sense of the new modern era. Arnolds concerns for future generations reflect the turmoil caused by booming industrialization. He suggests that religion should provide moral guidance and a social safety net during chaotic times of change, and although scientific knowledge and advancements appear to make the concept of faith obsolete, there will always be the necessity for of the nineteenth or even the twentieth century captures the isolation of modern humanity as does Dover Beach, with its use of the Tachycardia night battle. Anderson points out that the poem encompasses Arnolds theme about the human indention and attempts to capture the sense of confusion and isolation. Arnold believed that poetry should illuminate the human condition by offering a satisfying sense of reality and reconciling human beings with the universe(Anderson). Arnold believes the loss of morality is centered upon the loss of religion in society, and he like Dickens, also agrees that new philosophies, science and facts are not substitutes f or spiritual wholeness. Both Arnold and Browning address the churches role in the loss of morality. When Arnold refers to the Catholic Church in Stanzas from the Grandee Chartreuse he mentions how the church and priests are prideful, and the purpose of their hymns is to honor the march of Rome (Arnold 599 line 50). Arnold uses imagery, specifically the scenery of nature as symbols of lost morality. Arnolds description of the long disused trail to the Saint Laurent Monastery symbolizes the abandonment of religion and religious morality and values in society. Arnolds description of nature seems to be violent and dark, symbolizing the clash of nature and religion. Charles Dickenss novel, Hard Times, was published in 1854 and serves s the authors commentary on industrialization and the age of machinery, as well as the prevailing philosophy of rationalism, self-interest, and fact. F. R. Leaves classifies it as a moral fable (Dickens 364), and states that Dickens is Possessed by a comprehensive vision, one in which the inhumanities of Victorian civilization are seen as fostered and sanctioned by a hard philosophy, the aggressive formulation of an inhumane spirit (Dickens 365). Dickens uses the characters of the Grandkid children to illustrate the emotional and spiritual void that fact-driven philosophy has left them. They are unable to cope with the morally depraved effects of an industrialized civilization and are ill-equipped to make any real decisions about anything important in their lives. One of the novels main characters is Louisa Grandkid. She is a woman who appears to be cold, detached and unfeeling due to the education she has received that focused entirely upon cold hard facts. Her father describes her as: well-trained and not impulsive not romantic Accustomed to view everything from the strong dispassionate ground of reason and calculation (Dickens 75). She is neither moral nor amoral. Under the Utilitarian philosophy, Louisa is merely an excellent end product, full of dry, useless facts and void of any imagination (Dickens 79). Louisa brother, Tom, also a product of strict utilitarian schooling and upbringing is described as someone Whose imagination had been strangled in his cradle and is a hypocrite and a monster (Dickens 102). Tom turns out to be a self-absorbed thief who prefers money and gambling above all else, even family. His life ends badly after he robs Bounders bank and eventually dies thousands of miles away from Louisa. Dickens communicates the loss of holding innocence due to the changing philosophies and times, and the impact the loss of childhood had on ones moral character. Dickenss characterization of Mr.. Grandkids good friend, Josiah Bounder, exemplifies the social and moral decline created by industrialization and capitalism. Bounder appears to be a self-made man who has worked his way up the social of a factory and a bank which he professes to be the result of being a hard worker who possesses self-discipline and boundless determination. Dickens exposes Bounder as a fraud and describes him as a Bully of humility, who had built his Indy reputation upon lies, and in his boastfulness had put the honest truth as far away from him (Dickens 196). Dickens also exposes the myth that the working poor are lazy and lack the self-discipline and work ethic needed to become wealthy. Bounder is very much a symbol of the new immoral social class shaped by capitalism, wealth, greed, and self-interest. Dickens symbolizes moral decline in the death and treatment of Stephen Blackball. Stephen Blackball represents all those that are righteous and good. He is caught between the corruption of Bounder and he corruption of the union, and ultimately his death is caused by the immorality of Tom Grandkid. Dickens, like Arnold and Browning, also demonstrates how the immoral tend to be the authority figures in society. Charles Dickens does not focus on religion as the major influence on morality, but rather sees that the immorality of the age is based upon industrialization and the Utilitarian philosophy. We see this in young Tom Grandkid and his emotionally empty sister. The immoral people in Dickenss novel and in Borrowing poems tend to be people in high standing, whether in the church, in the community or in business. Browning talks about members within the church being like frauds, as they do not follow the values they preach. In a sense, Dickenss character, Bounder, is very similar and also does not uphold the values he preaches. Robert Browning, Matthew Arnold and Charles Dickens are different in many respects; however, they share the same concerns about the changes that the industrial age was having on British society. Although their concerns were about different philosophies and ideologies that were popular at the time, their main concern was how the fast paced innovations of industrialization ere changing the moral tone of British society. These authors used symbols, narrations and memorable characters as vehicles in their works to define and explore possibilities for coping with the moral and social crises facing England. The literary works of Charles Dickens, Matthew Arnold and Robert Browning are as relevant today as they were in the Victorian era. In our fast-paced and technology driven era, new advances in technology, medicine, and science make the question of morality more important than ever. Work Cited Anderson, Warren. Arnold and the Classics, in Writers and their Background: